The Technical Field "舵取ハンドル" had 499 patent application filings in the most recent period (2023-01-01 to 2023-04-30). This is a significantly decreased of -248 filings (-33.2%) over 747 they had in the same period of the previous year (2022-01-01 to 2022-04-30). This report also includes technical terms related to " かじ取りハンドル ", " かじ取り輪 ", " かじ取ハンドル ", " かじ取輪 ", " ステアリングホイル ", " ステアリングホイール ", " ハンドル ", " 変速てこ ", " 変速梃子 ", " 操縦ハンドル ", " 操縦輪 ", " 操舵ハンドル ", " 操舵輪 ", " 操輪 ", " 舵取りハンドル ", " 舵取り輪 ", " 舵取輪 ", " 舵輪 " in the search set.
The highest number of filings in 2018 with 3,349 cases, and their lowest number in 2023 with 854 cases.
The mean of the number of filings over the last 5 years (2019 to 2024, 11,035 cases in total) is 1,839, and the median is 2,192. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) is 0.6, and there have been big fluctuations in the number of filings from year to year.
Index | Value |
---|---|
Average | 1,839 patents |
Std Dev | 1,031 |
COV | 0.6 |
Year | Cases | YOY |
---|---|---|
2023 year | 854 cases | -57.9 % |
2022 year | 2,028 cases | -13.92 % |
2021 year | 2,356 cases | -12.58 % |
This report provides the latest patent analysis information (the IP landscape, including a patent map) on the patent search results of the JP patent database for 舵取ハンドル for the period of the last 10 years (2015-01-01 to 2024-12-31). You can compare the information in this report with the trends in your competitors’ patent filings and technologies, and use it to search for important patents.
This service provides, free of charge, a patent analysis report based on the latest patent data (Japanese, U.S., European, and PCT application publications) for use in patent searches, patent analysis, and IP landscaping. The service is offered by "Patent Integration" a firm specializing in patent search/patent analysis.
This report includes basic information to help you understand the IP strategy and management of 舵取ハンドル, such as changes in the number of patents/patent applications they have filed, comparisons of the numbers of patents/patent applications filed by their peers and competitors, their top coapplicants (joint research partners, alliance partners), and their most important patents. It can be used in various intellectual property business operations such as IP landscaping, patent search/patent analysis, preparation of intellectual property business evaluation reports, selection of M&A candidates, and selection of alliance partners.
He is a patent attorney at a patent office. He specializes in invention counseling, patent filing, and intellectual property strategies for start-up companies and new businesses in the fields of software, information technology and artificial intelligence. He runs a patent course for beginners on Udemy, an online course provider.
After studying physics at the University of Tokyo as a doctoral student, he was engaged in intellectual property analysis and technology trend research as an in-house patent attorney at a precision equipment manufacturer and at Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc..
The concept of the "IP landscape" (IPL) has been attracting attention recently.
An IP landscape is not limited to patent information, but also integrates and analyzes business information (e.g., non-patent information such as papers, news releases, stock information, and market information). Intellectual-property-based business management is realized through the analysis of intellectual property information applied to the formulation of management strategies and business strategies. This is a comprehensive approach that includes but not limited to planning of open and closed strategies, selecting M&A candidates, searching for alliance partners, and formulating intellectual property strategies, through the exploitation of intellectual property information.
IP landscaping usually includes patent search and patent analysis. In patent search and patent analysis, it is important to grasp the market position of each company and the overall technological trends and development trends for each technology. More specifically, it is important to understand what intellectual property your own company and other companies hold, what the strengths and weaknesses of other companies are, and how other companies are trying to exploit their intellectual property. In other words, it is important to understand both the business strategy and the intellectual property strategy of each company.
After reading this search report, you may be interested in more detailed patent searches and patent analysis. We offer a service called Patent Integration, which is an integrated patent search and patent analysis service. With reasonable pricing and a simple user interface such that even beginners can quickly search for and analyze patent information by company or technology from a web browser, please consider using it for detailed patent searches, patent analysis, and IP landscaping.
Patent Integration has a patent-landscaping function that can visually represent a set of tens of thousands of patents/patent applications. This allows you to convincingly show the technical positions of your company and its competitors to your management and business strategists in order to formulate management strategies and business strategies.
The changes in the number of patent filings of 舵取ハンドル over the last 20 years (JP) are shown below.
The change in the number of patents/patent applications is the most basic index in patent analysis. By examining the change in the number of patents/patent applications, you can see the status of technological development and R&D focus for each company or technology. It should be noted that since there is a one and a half year lag between the filing and the laying open of patent applications, it is not possible to analyze the situation more recently than one and half years prior to the present.
In this report, you can only see the change in the number of patents/patent applications by company or technology, whereas Patent Integration allows you to quickly compare the number of patent applications with your competitors in each technical field by cross-referencing with other keywords and patent classifications.
This patent analysis report was created for a patent search set of 23,830 cases retrieved by applying the following search formula and analysis period to the following patent database. Patent information such as a patent analysis result, a patent map, and a patent landscape can be freely used for patent searches, analysis, and work on intellectual property strategies, including IP landscaping.
The number of patents and changes in the number of patents of other companies (competitors) in the same industry as 舵取ハンドル are shown below.
Comparison of changes in the number of patents with peers and competitors is an important analytical index for understanding the intellectual property strategies of each company. By checking the transition of the number of patents for each company / competitor, you can check the status of focus on technology development and R&D for each company / technology.
It should be noted that patents have a time lag of one and a half years from filing to publication, so it is not possible to analyze the situation more recent than one and a half years.
If you want to find out more information, " Patent Integration , You can compare the number of patent applications with competitors in each technical field in a short time by multiplying with other keywords and patent classifications.Please use it for more detailed patent information analysis such as selection of M&A candidate destinations and alliance destinations.
Comparing the number of applications of each company, トヨタ自動車株式会社 has the highest number of joint applications in the last in the last 3 years (2023 to 2025) with 51 cases, followed by 本田技研工業株式会社 with 25 cases.
Name | Cases |
---|---|
トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 51 cases |
本田技研工業株式会社 | 25 cases |
株式会社ジェイテクト | 15 cases |
ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | 12 cases |
株式会社クボタ | 8 cases |
井関農機株式会社 | 7 cases |
日本精工株式会社 | 4 cases |
三菱電機株式会社 | 4 cases |
日産自動車株式会社 | 3 cases |
マツダ株式会社 | 3 cases |
Comparing the number of applications of each company, トヨタ自動車株式会社 has the highest number of joint applications in the last for the target period (2015 to 2025) with 838 cases, followed by 株式会社ジェイテクト with 718 cases.
Name | Cases |
---|---|
トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 838 cases |
株式会社ジェイテクト | 718 cases |
本田技研工業株式会社 | 709 cases |
日本精工株式会社 | 311 cases |
井関農機株式会社 | 282 cases |
株式会社クボタ | 264 cases |
三菱電機株式会社 | 202 cases |
ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | 199 cases |
マツダ株式会社 | 185 cases |
日産自動車株式会社 | 100 cases |
Below is a patent map showing changes in the number of applications for JP patents of 11 companies in the same industry over the past 20 years.
The number of patents and changes in the number of patents of other companies (competitors) in the same industry as 舵取ハンドル are shown below.
Comparison of changes in the number of patents with peers and competitors is an important analytical index for understanding the intellectual property strategies of each company. By checking the transition of the number of patents for each company / competitor, you can check the status of focus on technology development and R&D for each company / technology.
It should be noted that patents have a time lag of one and a half years from filing to publication, so it is not possible to analyze the situation more recent than one and a half years.
If you want to find out more information, " Patent Integration , You can compare the number of patent applications with competitors in each technical field in a short time by multiplying with other keywords and patent classifications.Please use it for more detailed patent information analysis such as selection of M&A candidate destinations and alliance destinations.
Among the top coapplicants, トヨタ自動車株式会社 has the highest number of joint applications in the last in the last 3 years (2023 to 2025) with 51 cases, followed by 本田技研工業株式会社 with 25 cases.
Name | Cases |
---|---|
トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 51 cases |
本田技研工業株式会社 | 25 cases |
株式会社ジェイテクト | 15 cases |
ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | 12 cases |
井関農機株式会社 | 7 cases |
日本精工株式会社 | 4 cases |
日産自動車株式会社 | 3 cases |
Among the top coapplicants, トヨタ自動車株式会社 has the highest number of joint applications in the last for the target period (2015 to 2025) with 838 cases, followed by 株式会社ジェイテクト with 718 cases.
Name | Cases |
---|---|
トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 838 cases |
株式会社ジェイテクト | 718 cases |
本田技研工業株式会社 | 709 cases |
日本精工株式会社 | 311 cases |
井関農機株式会社 | 282 cases |
ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | 199 cases |
日産自動車株式会社 | 100 cases |
Below is a ranking of the number of JP patent applications by 舵取ハンドル’s top 7 coapplicants over the last 20 years.
Below is a patent map showing the changes in the numbers of JP patent filings by 舵取ハンドル’s top 7 coapplicants over the last 20 years.
舵取ハンドル filed 709 joint applications with 本田技研工業株式会社 for the analysis period (2015 to 2025).
The mean of the number of filings over the last 5 years (2019 to 2024, 345 cases in total) is 57.5, and the median is 62.5. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) is 0.6, and there have been relatively large fluctuations in the number of filings from year to year.
The highest number of filings in 2019 with 109 cases, and their lowest number in 2023 with 25 cases.
Index | Value |
---|---|
Average | 57.5 patents |
Std Dev | 36.3 |
COV | 0.6 |
Year | Cases | YOY |
---|---|---|
2023 year | 25 cases | -62.1 % |
2022 year | 66 cases | -23.26 % |
2021 year | 86 cases | +45.8 % |
舵取ハンドル filed 838 joint applications with トヨタ自動車株式会社 for the analysis period (2015 to 2025).
The mean of the number of filings over the last 5 years (2019 to 2024, 485 cases in total) is 80.8, and the median is 100. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) is 0.5, and there have been big fluctuations in the number of filings from year to year.
The number of filings has been decreasing for the last 3 years (2021 to 2024). The highest number of filings in 2022 with 122 cases, and their lowest number in 2023 with 51 cases.
Index | Value |
---|---|
Average | 80.8 patents |
Std Dev | 42.8 |
COV | 0.5 |
Year | Cases | YOY |
---|---|---|
2023 year | 51 cases | -58.2 % |
2022 year | 122 cases | +9.91 % |
2021 year | 111 cases | +0.91 % |
舵取ハンドル filed 718 joint applications with 株式会社ジェイテクト for the analysis period (2015 to 2025).
The mean of the number of filings over the last 5 years (2019 to 2024, 333 cases in total) is 55.5, and the median is 53.0. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) is 0.7, and there have been relatively large fluctuations in the number of filings from year to year.
The number of filings has been decreasing for the last 3 years (2021 to 2024). The highest number of filings in 2018 with 120 cases, and their lowest number in 2023 with 15 cases.
Index | Value |
---|---|
Average | 55.5 patents |
Std Dev | 41.1 |
COV | 0.7 |
Year | Cases | YOY |
---|---|---|
2023 year | 15 cases | -75.8 % |
2022 year | 62 cases | +40.9 % |
2021 year | 44 cases | -61.4 % |
舵取ハンドル filed 100 joint applications with 日産自動車株式会社 for the analysis period (2015 to 2025).
The mean of the number of filings over the last 5 years (2019 to 2024, 68 cases in total) is 11.3, and the median is 14.5. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) is 0.6, and there have been relatively large fluctuations in the number of filings from year to year.
The highest number of filings in 2021 with 19 cases, and their lowest number in 2023 with 3 cases.
Index | Value |
---|---|
Average | 11.3 patents |
Std Dev | 7.2 |
COV | 0.6 |
Year | Cases | YOY |
---|---|---|
2023 year | 3 cases | -78.6 % |
2022 year | 14 cases | -26.32 % |
2021 year | 19 cases | +26.67 % |
舵取ハンドル filed 311 joint applications with 日本精工株式会社 for the analysis period (2015 to 2025).
The mean of the number of filings over the last 5 years (2019 to 2024, 105 cases in total) is 17.5, and the median is 13.5. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) is 0.9, and there have been relatively large fluctuations in the number of filings from year to year.
The highest number of filings in 2015 with 85 cases, and their lowest number in 2023 with 4 cases.
Index | Value |
---|---|
Average | 17.5 patents |
Std Dev | 15.5 |
COV | 0.9 |
Year | Cases | YOY |
---|---|---|
2023 year | 4 cases | -55.6 % |
2022 year | 9 cases | -50.0 % |
2021 year | 18 cases | -37.9 % |
The following shows JP patents held by 舵取ハンドル that have had an invalidation trial against them demanded or an opposition filed against them by a third party, and 舵取ハンドル’s JP patents/patent applications of high importance cited by Examiners in patent examination processes.
By noting the most important patents, you can obtain knowledge of the competitive business environment in which 舵取ハンドル is placed (e.g., whether it is a fiercely competitive environment or an oligopolistic market and the like). In general, it can be understood that a company with a large number of demands for invalidation trials is developing their business in a business environment where IP disputes are common.
If you want to search for more detailed information, you can use Patent Integration to retrieve and download by company cited patents/patent applications or patents undergoing invalidation trials. You can quickly extract important patents from a patent set that includes multiple competitors by cross-referencing with other keywords and patent classifications. Please consider using it for searches for important patents/patent applications.
In the last 3 years (2022-01-01 ~ 2024-12-31), there were 4 patents Invalidation Trial from third parties. The average number of Invalidation Trial is 1.0 times. The most recently Invalidation Trial patent is 特許5987256 "手持型機器のための付属品" (Invalidation Trial day 2024-07-26) , next is 特許5231529 "ビデオカメラ" (Invalidation Trial day 2022-04-28) .
- | No. | Title | Invalidation Trial days |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 特許5987256 | 手持型機器のための付属品 | 2024-07-26 |
2 | 特許5231529 | ビデオカメラ | 2022-04-28 |
3 | 特許6954580 | 手押し車 | 2022-03-31 |
4 | 特許6814500 | 手押し車 | 2022-03-31 |
Of the patent applications filed in the last 10 years (2015-01-01 to 2024-12-31), 8 patents/patent applications were invalidation trial more than once in the examination process of other patent applications. The mean of the number of invalidation trial is 1.4. The most invalidation trial patent is 特許6121026 "美容器" (3 times) , and the next most invalidation trial patent is 特許5791844 "美容器" (2 times) .
- | No. | Title | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 特許6121026 | 美容器 | 3 times |
2 | 特許5791844 | 美容器 | 2 times |
3 | 特許6331164 | 水道配管における漏水位置検知装置 | 1 times |
4 | 特許6954580 | 手押し車 | 1 times |
5 | 特許5987256 | 手持型機器のための付属品 | 1 times |
In the last 3 years (2022-01-01 ~ 2024-12-31), there were 20 patents Opposition from third parties. The average number of Opposition is 1.0 times. The most recently Opposition patent is 特許7431681 "ドラム式洗濯機" (Opposition day 2024-08-09) , next is 特許7408649 "鉄道レール作業用機械工具システム" (Opposition day 2024-07-05) .
- | No. | Title | Opposition days |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 特許7431681 | ドラム式洗濯機 | 2024-08-09 |
2 | 特許7408649 | 鉄道レール作業用機械工具システム | 2024-07-05 |
3 | 特許7352679 | 田植機 | 2024-03-13 |
4 | 特許7387798 | 消防用投光器 | 2024-02-15 |
5 | 特許7285832 | 歯ブラシ | 2023-11-29 |
6 | 特許7262967 | 水栓装置 | 2023-10-24 |
7 | 特許7228297 | 鼻水吸引器 | 2023-08-15 |
8 | 特許7206322 | 作業車両 | 2023-07-14 |
9 | 特許7197516 | 除細動システムおよび除細動カテーテル | 2023-06-27 |
10 | 特許7192018 | 作業車 | 2023-06-09 |
In the last 3 years (2022-01-01 ~ 2024-12-31), there were 60 patents Protest from third parties. The average number of Protest is 1.5 times. The most recently Protest patent is 特開2023-056942 "検出装置及びステアリングホイール" (Protest day 2024-12-09) , next is 特開2022-180182 "水栓" (Protest day 2024-11-08) .
- | No. | Title | Protest days |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 特開2023-056942 | 検出装置及びステアリングホイール | 2024-12-09 |
2 | 特開2022-180182 | 水栓 | 2024-11-08 |
3 | 特開2023-057741 | 水栓 | 2024-11-08 |
4 | 特開2023-023018 | 吐水装置 | 2024-10-21 |
5 | 特許6341527 | 歯ブラシ | 2024-10-15 |
6 | 特許7402742 | 車両用ドア制御装置及び車両用ドアハンドル装置 | 2024-10-15 |
7 | 特開2023-026519 | 歯ブラシ | 2024-10-11 |
8 | 特開2023-026520 | 歯ブラシ | 2024-10-11 |
9 | 特開2023-026521 | 歯ブラシ | 2024-10-11 |
10 | 特開2023-026518 | 歯ブラシ | 2024-10-11 |
11 | 特開2022-170133 | 航空機の飛行制御装置 | 2024-07-24 |
12 | 特開2023-076566 | 消防用投光器 | 2024-06-04 |
13 | 特表2022-534575 | 皮脂耐性が改善されたブロック共重合体 | 2024-05-08 |
14 | 特開2021-083937 | 歯ブラシ | 2024-04-25 |
15 | 特許7524090 | シングルレバー水栓 | 2024-04-24 |
16 | 特許7510387 | 電気掃除機 | 2024-02-09 |
17 | 特開2022-100940 | 歯ブラシ | 2024-01-31 |
18 | 特許7517980 | 水栓 | 2024-01-11 |
19 | 特許7454713 | 作業車両 | 2023-11-06 |
20 | 特許7479280 | ブロックコポリマー発泡体 | 2023-08-09 |
Of the patent applications filed in the last 10 years (2015-01-01 to 2024-12-31), 128 patents/patent applications were protest more than once in the examination process of other patent applications. The mean of the number of protest is 1.5. The most protest patent is 特許6882870 "金属製建築用部材" (14 times) , and the next most protest patent is 特許7510387 "電気掃除機" (5 times) .
- | No. | Title | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 特許6882870 | 金属製建築用部材 | 14 times |
2 | 特許7510387 | 電気掃除機 | 5 times |
3 | 特許6944435 | 電気掃除機 | 4 times |
4 | 特許6331056 | 携帯用電気切断機 | 3 times |
5 | 特許7387798 | 消防用投光器 | 3 times |
In the last 3 years (2022-01-01 ~ 2024-12-31), there were 131 patents Inspection from third parties. The average number of Inspection is 1.5 times. The most recently Inspection patent is 特表2024-540293 "心房中隔を横断して血圧を調整するためのデバイスを送達するためのシステム" (Inspection day 2024-12-24) , next is 特許7402742 "車両用ドア制御装置及び車両用ドアハンドル装置" (Inspection day 2024-12-24) .
- | No. | Title | Inspection days |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 特表2024-540293 | 心房中隔を横断して血圧を調整するためのデバイスを送達するためのシステム | 2024-12-24 |
2 | 特許7402742 | 車両用ドア制御装置及び車両用ドアハンドル装置 | 2024-12-24 |
3 | 特許7008353 | 乾燥装置 | 2024-12-20 |
4 | 特開2023-030138 | 外科手術用ロボットのための平行移動器具インターフェースおよびそれを備えている外科手術用ロボットシステム | 2024-12-18 |
5 | 特開2024-103814 | レーザ溶接機 | 2024-12-10 |
6 | 特表2021-525595 | 薄型多剤注入システムおよび方法 | 2024-11-22 |
7 | 特開2020-198963 | 歯ブラシ | 2024-11-21 |
8 | 特開2022-180182 | 水栓 | 2024-11-13 |
9 | 特開2023-057741 | 水栓 | 2024-11-13 |
10 | 特許6069311 | 歯間清掃具の製造方法及び歯間清掃具 | 2024-11-12 |
11 | 特許5173078 | 電池パックが着脱可能な刈払機 | 2024-11-07 |
12 | 特開2023-023018 | 吐水装置 | 2024-10-24 |
13 | 特許6860346 | 駆動シャフト上の力によって起動される電動ドライバ及び関連のキット、構成要素、及び方法 | 2024-10-16 |
14 | 特開2023-033416 | 手持型機器 | 2024-10-02 |
15 | 特表2023-500371 | ケトル | 2024-09-20 |
16 | 特許7555996 | 拡張可能カテーテルアセンブリの体腔への改善された送達のためのシステムおよび方法 | 2024-09-06 |
17 | 特許7049011 | 自動運転制御装置及び車両 | 2024-09-04 |
18 | 特許7427280 | 自動運転制御装置及び車両 | 2024-09-04 |
19 | 特許7470275 | 自動運転制御装置 | 2024-09-04 |
20 | 特開2024-040348 | 内視鏡組織接近システム及び方法 | 2024-08-14 |
Of the patent applications filed in the last 10 years (2015-01-01 to 2024-12-31), 319 patents/patent applications were inspection more than once in the examination process of other patent applications. The mean of the number of inspection is 1.2. The most inspection patent is 特許6882870 "金属製建築用部材" (11 times) , and the next most inspection patent is 特許6331056 "携帯用電気切断機" (8 times) .
- | No. | Title | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 特許6882870 | 金属製建築用部材 | 11 times |
2 | 特許6331056 | 携帯用電気切断機 | 8 times |
3 | 特許6944435 | 電気掃除機 | 4 times |
4 | 特許7387798 | 消防用投光器 | 3 times |
5 | 特開2024-146828 | 自律車両フィードバックシステム及び自律車両を動作させる方法 | 3 times |
Of the patent applications filed in the last 10 years (2015-01-01 to 2024-12-31), 5,268 patents/patent applications were cited more than once in the examination process of other patent applications. The mean of the number of cited is 2.8. The most cited patent is 特許6517228 "外科用ステープル留め器具システム" (419 times) , and the next most cited patent is 特許6532090 "電池交換/処置回数の検証" (230 times) .
- | No. | Title | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 特許6517228 | 外科用ステープル留め器具システム | 419 times |
2 | 特許6532090 | 電池交換/処置回数の検証 | 230 times |
3 | 特許7312405 | 遊技機 | 141 times |
4 | 特許6573739 | 室内用有酸素運動装置、運動システム | 75 times |
5 | 特開2019-134909 | 運動能力(短距離走)向上トレーニング用エクササイズバイク | 66 times |
"Patent Integration Report" is a web service provided by "Patent Integration Co., Ltd." operated by patent attorneys who are experts in intellectual property rights. Based on the latest patent data, this is one of the largest patent report services in Japan that provides information on technology trends in various companies and technology fields.
The purpose of this web service is to make intellectual property information familiar to many people, regardless of whether they have an interest in intellectual property rights, and to make use of it.
We actively provide various types of patent information that can be used in various media articles such as newspapers, magazines, and web media. Please feel free to contact us from "Inquiry form for details on the content of patent information that can be provided, conditions for provision, etc. Please contact us.
All rights related to the data, documents and charts belong to "an integrated patent search/analysis service provider, Patent Integration". Please specify the source “Patent Integration Report, URL: https://patent-i.com/report/en/" when inserting them into in-house materials, external report materials, etc., regardless of whether they are paid or free of charge.
Patent data is obtained by aggregating and analyzing the latest patent data issued by the Patent Offices of respective countries and jurisdictions and by WIPO. Although we take great care in publishing and analyzing the results, we do not guarantee the correctness of the data. We appreciate your understanding.
If you have any concerns about this service, please feel free to contact us.
All rights to the data, documents, figures and tables are reserved by e-Patent. When publishing internal documents, external reports, etc. (whether paid or free of charge), please use the following URL: https://e-patent.co.jp/.
e-Patent will not be liable for any damages or losses arising from the use of the global patent application status, ranking information, or population search formula in the "SDGs Global Company Ranking from a Patent Perspective". Items with ● in front of the target are not supported at this time (judged to be difficult to approach from the patent information analysis).
There is no problem to cite patent application status and ranking information, but please clearly indicate "Source: e-Patent Co.
Credit notation
・MeCab user dictionary for science technology term © National Bioscience Database Center licensed under CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International